Sunday, September 12, 2021

FREQUENCY - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

FREQUENCY

Calculates the frequency distribution of a one-column array into specified classes.

Sample Usage

FREQUENCY(A2:A40,B2:B5)

Syntax

FREQUENCY(data, classes)

  • data - The array or range containing the values to be counted.

  • classes - The array or range containing the set of classes.

    • classes should be sorted for clarity, but FREQUENCY will sort the values specified internally if they are not and return correct results.

Notes

  • The output of FREQUENCY will be a vertical range of size one greater than classes as the final value is the number of elements in data greater than any of the class boundaries.

Examples

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TO_TEXT - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TO_TEXT

Converts a provided numeric value to a text value.

Sample Usage

TO_TEXT(24)

TO_TEXT(A2)

Syntax

TO_TEXT(value)

  • value - The argument or reference to a cell to be converted to text.

    • If value is a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_TEXT returns value as a string, with existing formatting retained. Currencies appear as currencies, decimals as decimals, percentages as percentages, and dates as dates.

    • If value is not a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_TEXT returns value without modification.

Notes

  • TO_TEXT is equivalent to prefixing a number with an apostrophe (')

See Also

TO_PERCENT: Converts a provided number to a percentage.

TO_DOLLARS: Converts a provided number to a dollar value.

TO_DATE: Converts a provided number to a date.

N: Returns the argument provided as a number.

Examples

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TO_PERCENT - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TO_PERCENT

Converts a provided number to a percentage.

Sample Usage

TO_PERCENT(A2)

TO_PERCENT(0.40826)

Syntax

TO_PERCENT(value)

  • value - The argument or reference to a cell to be converted to a percentage.

    • If value is a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_PERCENT returns value converted to a percentage, with the standard interpretation that 1 = 100%.

    • If value is not a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_PERCENT returns value without modification.

Notes

  • Because dates and percentages are both numbers, TO_PERCENT will convert dates to percentages successfully. However, these conversions are not typically meaningful.

  • TO_PERCENT is equivalent to clicking Format and then Number and then Percent from the menu bar.

See Also

UNARY_PERCENT: Returns a value interpreted as a percentage; that is, `UNARY_PERCENT(100)` equals `1`.

TO_TEXT: Converts a provided numeric value to a text value.

TO_PURE_NUMBER: Converts a provided date/time, percentage, currency or other formatted numeric value to a pure number without formatting.

TO_DOLLARS: Converts a provided number to a dollar value.

TO_DATE: Converts a provided number to a date.

N: Returns the argument provided as a number.

Examples

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About the security content of watchOS 5.3 - Apple Support

About the security content of watchOS 5.3

This document describes the security content of watchOS 5.3.

About Apple security updates

For our customers' protection, Apple doesn't disclose, discuss, or confirm security issues until an investigation has occurred and patches or releases are available. Recent releases are listed on the Apple security updates page.

Apple security documents reference vulnerabilities by CVE-ID when possible.

For more information about security, see the Apple Product Security page.

watchOS 5.3

Released July 22, 2019

Bluetooth

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: An attacker in a privileged network position may be able to intercept Bluetooth traffic (Key Negotiation of Bluetooth - KNOB)

Description: An input validation issue existed in Bluetooth. This issue was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-9506: Daniele Antonioli of SUTD, Singapore, Dr. Nils Ole Tippenhauer of CISPA, Germany, and Prof. Kasper Rasmussen of University of Oxford, England

The changes for this issue mitigate CVE-2020-10135.

Entry added August 13, 2019, updated June 25, 2020

Core Data

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to leak memory

Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-8646: Natalie Silvanovich of Google Project Zero

Core Data

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution

Description: A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management.

CVE-2019-8647: Samuel Groß and Natalie Silvanovich of Google Project Zero

Core Data

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution

Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-8660: Samuel Groß and Natalie Silvanovich of Google Project Zero

Digital Touch

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to leak memory

Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-8624: Natalie Silvanovich of Google Project Zero

FaceTime

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution

Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-8648: Tao Huang and Tielei Wang of Team Pangu

Heimdal

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: An issue existed in Samba that may allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions by intercepting communications between services

Description: This issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions.

CVE-2018-16860: Isaac Boukris and Andrew Bartlett of the Samba Team and Catalyst

Image Processing

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to a denial of service

Description: A denial of service issue was addressed with improved validation.

CVE-2019-8668: an anonymous researcher

Entry added October 8, 2019

Kernel

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: An application may be able to read restricted memory

Description: A validation issue was addressed with improved input sanitization.

CVE-2019-8633: Zhuo Liang of Qihoo 360 Vulcan Team

Entry added September 17, 2019

libxslt

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to view sensitive information

Description: A stack overflow was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-13118: found by OSS-Fuzz

Messages

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: Users removed from an iMessage conversation may still be able to alter state

Description: This issue was addressed with improved checks.

CVE-2019-8659: Ryan Kontos (@ryanjkontos), Will Christensen of University of Oregon

Messages

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may cause an unexpected application termination

Description: A denial of service issue was addressed with improved validation.

CVE-2019-8665: Michael Hernandez of XYZ Marketing

Quick Look

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: An attacker may be able to trigger a use-after-free in an application deserializing an untrusted NSDictionary

Description: This issue was addressed with improved checks.

CVE-2019-8662: Natalie Silvanovich and Samuel Groß of Google Project Zero

Siri

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A remote attacker may be able to leak memory

Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-8646: Natalie Silvanovich of Google Project Zero

UIFoundation

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: Parsing a maliciously crafted office document may lead to an unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution

Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2019-8657: riusksk of VulWar Corp working with Trend Micro's Zero Day Initiative

Wallet

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: A user may inadvertently complete an in-app purchase while on the lock screen

Description: The issue was addressed with improved UI handling.

CVE-2019-8682: Jeff Braswell (JeffBraswell.com)

WebKit

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting

Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved state management.

CVE-2019-8658: akayn working with Trend Micro's Zero Day Initiative

WebKit

Available for: Apple Watch Series 1 and later

Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution

Description: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling.

CVE-2019-8669: akayn working with Trend Micro's Zero Day Initiative

CVE-2019-8672: Samuel Groß of Google Project Zero

CVE-2019-8676: Soyeon Park and Wen Xu of SSLab at Georgia Tech

CVE-2019-8683: lokihardt of Google Project Zero

CVE-2019-8684: lokihardt of Google Project Zero

CVE-2019-8685: akayn, Dongzhuo Zhao working with ADLab of Venustech, Ken Wong (@wwkenwong) of VXRL, Anthony Lai (@darkfloyd1014) of VXRL, and Eric Lung (@Khlung1) of VXRL

CVE-2019-8688: Insu Yun of SSLab at Georgia Tech

CVE-2019-8689: lokihardt of Google Project Zero

Additional recognition

MobileInstallation

We would like to acknowledge Dany Lisiansky (@DanyL931) for their assistance.

 

Information about products not manufactured by Apple, or independent websites not controlled or tested by Apple, is provided without recommendation or endorsement. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance, or use of third-party websites or products. Apple makes no representations regarding third-party website accuracy or reliability. Contact the vendor for additional information.

Published Date: 

TREND - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TREND

Given partial data about a linear trend, fits an ideal linear trend using the least squares method and/or predicts further values.

Sample Usage

TREND(B2:B10,A2:A10)

TREND(B2:B10,A2:A10,A11:A13,TRUE)

Syntax

TREND(known_data_y, [known_data_x], [new_data_x], [b])

  • known_data_y - The array or range containing dependent (y) values that are already known, used to curve fit an ideal linear trend.

    • If known_data_y is a two-dimensional array or range, known_data_x must have the same dimensions or be omitted.

    • If known_data_y is a one-dimensional array or range, known_data_x may represent multiple independent variables in a two-dimensional array or range. I.e. if known_data_y is a single row, each row in known_data_x is interpreted as a separated independent value, and analogously if known_data_y is a single column.

  • known_data_x - [ OPTIONAL - {1,2,3,...} with same length as known_data_y by default ] - The values of the independent variable(s) corresponding with known_data_y.

    • If known_data_y is a one-dimensional array or range, known_data_x may represent multiple independent variables in a two-dimensional array or range. I.e. if known_data_y is a single row, each row in known_data_x is interpreted as a separated independent value, and analogously if known_data_y is a single column.

  • new_data_x - [ OPTIONAL - same as known_data_x by default ] - The data points to return the y values for on the ideal curve fit.

    • The default behavior is to return the ideal curve fit values for the same x inputs as the existing data for comparison of known y values and their corresponding curve fit estimates.

  • b - [ OPTIONAL - TRUE by default ] - Given a general exponential form of y = m*x+b for a curve fit, calculates b if TRUE or forces b to be 0 and only calculates the m values if FALSE, i.e. forces the curve fit to pass through the origin.

See Also

LOGEST: Given partial data about an exponential growth curve, calculates various parameters about the best fit ideal exponential growth curve.

LINEST: Given partial data about a linear trend, calculates various parameters about the ideal linear trend using the least-squares method.

GROWTH: Given partial data about an exponential growth trend, fits an ideal exponential growth trend and/or predicts further values.

Examples

at No comments:

TRANSPOSE - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TRANSPOSE

Transposes the rows and columns of an array or range of cells.

Sample Usage

TRANSPOSE({1,2;3,4;5,6})

TRANSPOSE(A2:F9)

Syntax

TRANSPOSE(array_or_range)

  • array_or_range - The array or range whose rows and columns will be swapped.

Notes

  • Transposition operates such that the value in the nth row and mth column will become the value in the mth row and nth column. E.g. the value in the fourth row and second column will be put into the second row and fourth column. The result of a transposition on a range of size m rows by n columns is therefore n rows by m columns.

Examples

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SUMX2PY2 - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

SUMX2PY2

Calculates the sum of the sums of the squares of values in two arrays.

Sample Usage

SUMX2PY2({1,2,3},{4,5,6})

SUMX2PY2(A2:A9,B2:B9)

Syntax

SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)

  • array_x - The array or range of values whose squares will be added to the squares of corresponding entries in array_y and added together.

  • array_y - The array or range of values whose squares will be added to the squares of corresponding entries in array_x and added together.

See Also

SUMXMY2: Calculates the sum of the squares of differences of values in two arrays.

SUMX2MY2: Calculates the sum of the differences of the squares of values in two arrays.

Examples

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About the security content of Safari 13.0.5 - Apple Support

About the security content of Safari 13.0.5

This document describes the security content of Safari 13.0.5.

About Apple security updates

For our customers' protection, Apple doesn't disclose, discuss, or confirm security issues until an investigation has occurred and patches or releases are available. Recent releases are listed on the Apple security updates page.

Apple security documents reference vulnerabilities by CVE-ID when possible.

For more information about security, see the Apple Product Security page.

Safari 13.0.5

Released January 28, 2020

Safari

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted URL may lead to arbitrary javascript code execution

Description: A custom URL scheme handling issue was addressed with improved input validation.

CVE-2020-9860: CodeColorist of Ant-Financial LightYear Labs

Entry added June 25, 2020

Safari

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing

Description: An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management.

CVE-2020-3833: Nikhil Mittal (@c0d3G33k) of Payatu Labs (payatu.com)

Safari

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: A URL scheme may be incorrectly ignored when determining multimedia permission for a website

Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved validation.

CVE-2020-3852: Ryan Pickren (ryanpickren.com)

Entry added February 6, 2020

Safari Login AutoFill

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: A local user may unknowingly send a password unencrypted over the network

Description: The issue was addressed with improved UI handling.

CVE-2020-3841: Sebastian Bicchi (@secresDoge) from Sec-Research

WebKit

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting

Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved state management.

CVE-2020-3867: an anonymous researcher

Entry added January 29, 2020

WebKit

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution

Description: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling.

CVE-2020-3825: Przemysław Sporysz of Euvic

CVE-2020-3868: Marcin Towalski of Cisco Talos

Entry added January 29, 2020

WebKit

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: A malicious website may be able to cause a denial of service

Description: A denial of service issue was addressed with improved memory handling.

CVE-2020-3862: Srikanth Gatta of Google Chrome

Entry added January 29, 2020

WebKit Page Loading

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: A top-level DOM object context may have incorrectly been considered secure

Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved validation.

CVE-2020-3865: Ryan Pickren (ryanpickren.com)

Entry added January 29, 2020, updated February 6, 2020

WebKit Page Loading

Available for: macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra, and included in macOS Catalina

Impact: A DOM object context may not have had a unique security origin

Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved validation.

CVE-2020-3864: Ryan Pickren (ryanpickren.com)

Entry added February 6, 2020

Information about products not manufactured by Apple, or independent websites not controlled or tested by Apple, is provided without recommendation or endorsement. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance, or use of third-party websites or products. Apple makes no representations regarding third-party website accuracy or reliability. Contact the vendor for additional information.

Published Date: 

SUMX2MY2 - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

SUMX2MY2

Calculates the sum of the differences of the squares of values in two arrays.

Sample Usage

SUMX2MY2({1,2,3},{4,5,6})

SUMX2MY2(A2:A9,B2:B9)

Syntax

SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)

  • array_x - The array or range of values whose squares will be reduced by the squares of corresponding entries in array_y and added together.

  • array_y - The array or range of values whose squares will be subtracted from the squares of corresponding entries in array_x and added together.

See Also

SUMXMY2: Calculates the sum of the squares of differences of values in two arrays.

SUMX2PY2: Calculates the sum of the sums of the squares of values in two arrays.

Examples

at No comments:

LOGEST - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

LOGEST

Given partial data about an exponential growth curve, calculates various parameters about the best fit ideal exponential growth curve.

Sample Usage

LOGEST(B2:B10,A2:A10)

LOGEST(B2:B10, A2:A10, TRUE, TRUE)

Syntax

LOGEST(known_data_y, [known_data_x], [b], [verbose])

  • known_data_y - The array or range containing dependent (y) values that are already known, used to curve fit an ideal exponential growth curve.

    • If known_data_y is a two-dimensional array or range, known_data_x must have the same dimensions or be omitted.

    • If known_data_y is a one-dimensional array or range, known_data_x may represent multiple independent variables in a two-dimensional array or range. I.e. if known_data_y is a single row, each row in known_data_x is interpreted as a separated independent value, and analogously if known_data_y is a single column.

  • known_data_x - [ OPTIONAL - {1,2,3,...} with same length as known_data_y by default ] - The values of the independent variable(s) corresponding with known_data_y.

    • If known_data_y is a one-dimensional array or range, known_data_x may represent multiple independent variables in a two-dimensional array or range. I.e. if known_data_y is a single row, each row in known_data_x is interpreted as a separated independent value, and analogously if known_data_y is a single column.

  • b - [ OPTIONAL - TRUE by default ] - Given a general exponential form of y = b*m^x for a curve fit, calculates b if TRUE or forces b to be 1 and only calculates the m values if FALSE.

  • verbose - [ OPTIONAL - FALSE by default ] - A flag specifying whether to return additional regression statistics or only the calculated coefficient and exponents.

    • If verbose is TRUE, in addition to the set of exponents for each independent variable and the coefficient b, LOGEST returns

      • The standard error for each exponent and the coefficient,

      • The coefficient of determination (between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates perfect correlation),

      • Standard error for the dependent variable values,

      • The F statistic, or F-observed value indicating whether the observed relationship between dependent and independent variables is random rather than exponential,

      • The degrees of freedom, useful in looking up F statistic values in a reference table to estimate a confidence level,

      • The regression sum of squares, and

      • The residual sum of squares.

Notes

  • The statistics calculated by LOGEST are similar to LINEST but use the linear model ln y = x1 ln m1 + ... + xn ln mn + ln b for each independent variable x1 ... xn. Therefore additional statistics such as the standard error must be compared to the natural logarithms of the m and b values rather than the values themselves.

See Also

TREND: Given partial data about a linear trend, fits an ideal linear trend using the least squares method and/or predicts further values.

LINEST: Given partial data about a linear trend, calculates various parameters about the ideal linear trend using the least-squares method.

GROWTH: Given partial data about an exponential growth trend, fits an ideal exponential growth trend and/or predicts further values.

Examples

at No comments:

LINEST - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

LINEST

Given partial data about a linear trend, calculates various parameters about the ideal linear trend using the least-squares method.

Sample Usage

LINEST(B2:B10, A2:A10)

LINEST(B2:B10, A2:A10, FALSE, TRUE)

Syntax

LINEST(known_data_y, [known_data_x], [calculate_b], [verbose])

  • known_data_y - The array or range containing dependent (y) values that are already known, used to curve fit an ideal linear trend.

    • If known_data_y is a two-dimensional array or range, known_data_x must have the same dimensions or be omitted.

    • If known_data_y is a one-dimensional array or range, known_data_x may represent multiple independent variables in a two-dimensional array or range. I.e. if known_data_y is a single row, each row in known_data_x is interpreted as a separated independent value, and analogously if known_data_y is a single column.

  • known_data_x - [ OPTIONAL - {1,2,3,...} with same length as known_data_y by default ] - The values of the independent variable(s) corresponding with known_data_y.

    • If known_data_y is a one-dimensional array or range, known_data_x may represent multiple independent variables in a two-dimensional array or range. I.e. if known_data_y is a single row, each row in known_data_x is interpreted as a separated independent value, and analogously if known_data_y is a single column.

  • calculate_b - [ OPTIONAL - TRUE by default ] - Given a linear form of y = m*x+b, calculates the y-intercept (b) if TRUE. Otherwise, forces b to be 0 and only calculates the m values if FALSE, i.e. forces the curve fit to pass through the origin.

  • verbose - [ OPTIONAL - FALSE by default ] - A flag specifying whether to return additional regression statistics or only the linear coefficients and the y-intercept (default).

    • If verbose is TRUE, in addition to the set of linear coefficients for each independent variable and the y-intercept, LINEST returns

      • The standard error for each coefficient and the intercept,

      • The coefficient of determination (between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates perfect correlation),

      • Standard error for the dependent variable values,

      • The F statistic, or F-observed value indicating whether the observed relationship between dependent and independent variables is random rather than linear,

      • The degrees of freedom, useful in looking up F statistic values in a reference table to estimate a confidence level,

      • The regression sum of squares, and

      • The residual sum of squares.

See Also

TREND: Given partial data about a linear trend, fits an ideal linear trend using the least squares method and/or predicts further values.

LOGEST: Given partial data about an exponential growth curve, calculates various parameters about the best fit ideal exponential growth curve.

GROWTH: Given partial data about an exponential growth trend, fits an ideal exponential growth trend and/or predicts further values.

Examples

at No comments:

Manage and use your Apple ID - Apple Support

Manage and use your Apple ID

Your Apple ID is the account you use to access Apple services like the App Store, Apple Music, iCloud, iMessage, FaceTime, and more. You can sign in to all Apple services with a single Apple ID and password.

Sign in with your Apple ID

Use the same Apple ID and password every time you're asked to sign in to an Apple device or service. If you don't have an Apple ID, learn how to create a new Apple ID. You can use your Apple ID to:

  • Automatically set up all of your Apple services when you set up a new device and sign in with your Apple ID.
  • Keep your personal content up to date on all of your devices when you sign in to iCloud.
  • Sign in to the iTunes, Books, and App Store to make purchases and access previous purchases. 
  • Sign in to iMessage and FaceTime1 to talk and text with friends and family.
  • Sign in to third-party apps and websites with Sign in with Apple.

See a list of other features and services that use your Apple ID. 

Manage your Apple ID

Because your Apple ID is used across all your devices and services, it's important to keep your account information up to date. Simply sign in to your Apple ID account page2 at any time to manage your account:

You can also learn how to manage your payment information.

Help us protect your account

The security and privacy of your Apple ID is very important to us. Here are some things you can do to make sure your account remains private and secure:

1 FaceTime isn't available in all countries or regions.

2 Depending on how you created your Apple ID, you might be required to provide additional information or change your Apple ID username from a mobile phone number to an email address.

3 In China mainland and India, you can use your phone number as your Apple ID. In China mainland, you might be required to provide a +86 phone number for your Apple ID. You can change the number later, or change your country or region to a location that doesn't require it. This number is only used for verification purposes. 

Published Date: 
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TO_PURE_NUMBER - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TO_PURE_NUMBER

Converts a provided date/time, percentage, currency or other formatted numeric value to a pure number without formatting.

Sample Usage

TO_PURE_NUMBER(50%)

TO_PURE_NUMBER(A2)

Syntax

TO_PURE_NUMBER(value)

  • value - The argument or reference to a cell to be converted to a pure number.

    • If value is a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_PURE_NUMBER returns value with all formatting and interpretation removed.

    • If value is not a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_PERCENT returns value without modification.

Notes

  • TO_PURE_NUMBER is similar to applying Format -> Number -> Normal from the menu bar, except that the Normal format includes commas denoting thousands, millions, etc.

  • TO_PURE_NUMBER is similar to N, except that N returns 0 for non-numeric values except for TRUE which returns 1, whereas TO_PURE_NUMBER returns the value passed without modification for all non-numeric types.

See Also

TO_TEXT: Converts a provided numeric value to a text value.

TO_PERCENT: Converts a provided number to a percentage.

TO_DOLLARS: Converts a provided number to a dollar value.

TO_DATE: Converts a provided number to a date.

N: Returns the argument provided as a number.

Examples

at No comments:

TO_DOLLARS - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TO_DOLLARS

Converts a provided number to a dollar value.

Sample Usage

TO_DOLLARS(A2)

TO_DOLLARS(40826.43)

Syntax

TO_DOLLARS(value)

  • value - The argument or reference to a cell to be converted to a dollar value.

    • If value is not a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_DOLLARS returns value without modification.

Notes

  • Because dates and percentages are backed by numbers, TO_DOLLARS will convert them successfully. However, these conversions are not typically meaningful.

  • TO_DOLLARS is equivalent to applying Format -> Number -> Currency from the menu bar.

  • TO_DOLLARS differs from the related function DOLLAR in that DOLLAR outputs text rather than applying a cell format to a number.

  • TO_DOLLARS does not convert from other currencies into US Dollars. Please use the GoogleFinance function to convert currencies at current exchange rates.

See Also

TO_TEXT: Converts a provided numeric value to a text value.

TO_PURE_NUMBER: Converts a provided date/time, percentage, currency or other formatted numeric value to a pure number without formatting.

TO_PERCENT: Converts a provided number to a percentage.

TO_DATE: Converts a provided number to a date.

N: Returns the argument provided as a number.

GOOGLEFINANCE: Fetches current or historical securities information from Google Finance.

DOLLAR: Formats a number into the locale-specific currency format.

Examples

at No comments:

TO_DATE - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

TO_DATE

Converts a provided number to a date.

Sample Usage

TO_DATE(25405)

TO_DATE(A2)

TO_DATE(40826.4375)

Syntax

TO_DATE(value)

  • value - The argument or reference to a cell to be converted to a date.

    • If value is a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_DATE returns value converted to a date, interpreting value as number of days since December 30, 1899.

      1. Negative values are interpreted as days before this date, and fractional values indicate time of day past midnight.

    • If value is not a number or a reference to a cell containing a numeric value, TO_DATE returns value without modification.

Notes

  • TO_DATE does not autoconvert number formats in the same way as direct entry into cells. Therefore, TO_DATE(10/10/2000) is interpreted as TO_DATE(0.0005), the quotient of 10 divided by 10 divided by 2000.

  • TO_DATE is not as commonly used as DATE, which takes a year, month, and day in numeric format as inputs.

  • TO_DATE is the inverse of N as applied to a date, and equivalent to applying Format and then Number and then Date time from the menu bar.

See Also

DATE: Converts a year, month, and day into a date.

TO_TEXT: Converts a provided numeric value to a text value.

TO_PURE_NUMBER: Converts a provided date/time, percentage, currency or other formatted numeric value to a pure number without formatting.

TO_PERCENT: Converts a provided number to a percentage.

TO_DOLLARS: Converts a provided number to a dollar value.

N: Returns the argument provided as a number.

Examples

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About the Google Ads Help Center - Google Ads Help [gg-google-ads-en]

About the Google Ads Help Center

Whether you're a multinational ad agency or a mom-and-pop flower shop, the Google Ads Help Center can provide you with the information you need to succeed with your online advertising.

This article explains our efforts to create an understandable and useful resource for our advertisers around the world.

Why use the Google Ads Help Center

Our goal is to make the Google Ads Help Center understandable and useful to hundreds of thousands of advertisers around the world. We've tried to strike the right balance, giving you the information you need to effectively run your campaigns without bogging you down with the under-the-hood details of a highly complex system.

How the Google Ads Help Center works

Because our Help Center isn't written for computer science engineers, these articles shouldn't be used to understand the technical details of any particular component of our systems. The articles are written to provide advertisers with a conceptual, non-technical understanding of how Google Ads works. You can learn more about Google Ads by checking out the articles in each topic, or by typing your question into the search box at the top of the page.

We might personalize the information you see in the Help Center based on the account that you're currently signed in to. By personalizing the content, we hope to make it easier for you to find the answers you need, fix problems in your account, and make the most out of your advertising efforts.

As part of your Google Ads experience, we may conduct research, testing, or experiments that may affect the look and feel of your ads or your campaign performance.  During your participation in these experiments, the descriptions and explanations in this Help Center may not apply to you.  For more information about research and testing in Google Ads, see How Google improves Google Ads.

We work hard to provide practical information for the average advertiser using our ads products. We hope you find this Help Center useful, and thank you for using Google Ads.

How to share your feedback

We appreciate your feedback on Help Center. Please let us know how we're doing by rating how helpful each article was at the bottom of the page, or share your opinions and suggestions to help us make our product better. If you have a question about your Google Ads account, see how to contact us.

Related links

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How your Apple Card application is evaluated - Apple Support

How your Apple Card application is evaluated

Learn about the key criteria used to determine whether your Apple Card application is approved or declined.

Goldman Sachs1 uses your credit score, your credit report (including your current debt obligations), and the income you report on your application when reviewing your Apple Card application. This article highlights a number of factors that Goldman Sachs uses, in combination, to make credit decisions but doesn't include all of the details, factors, scores or other information used to make those decisions.

If you apply for Apple Card and your application is approved, there's no impact to your credit score until you accept your offer. If you accept your offer, a hard inquiry is made. This may impact your credit score. If your application is declined or you reject your offer, your credit score isn't impacted by the soft inquiry associated with your application.

If your application was declined, learn what you can do to try and improve your next application.

If you're combining accounts for Apple Card Family, some of the credit factors mentioned above may be considered for both co-owners when evaluating a combined credit limit for a co-owned Apple Card.2

Personal finance companies, like Credit Karma, might display various credit scores, like TransUnion VantageScore. While these scores can be informative, if they're not the FICO score that's used for your Apple Card application, they may not be as predictive of your approval.

You can also contact Apple Support if you have questions about applying for Apple Card.

Requirements to get Apple Card

To get Apple Card, you must meet these requirements:

  • Be 18 years or older, depending on where you live.
  • Be a U.S. citizen or a lawful U.S. resident with a U.S. residential address that isn't a P.O. Box. You can also use a military address.
  • Use two-factor authentication with your Apple ID.
  • Sign in to iCloud with your Apple ID.3
  • If you have a freeze on your credit report, you need to temporarily lift the freeze before you apply for Apple Card. Learn how to lift your credit freeze with TransUnion. 
  • You might need to verify your identity with a Driver license or State-issued Photo ID.

Conditions that might cause your application to be declined

When assessing your ability to pay back debt, Goldman Sachs1 looks at multiple conditions before making a decision on your Apple Card application.

If any of the following conditions apply, Goldman Sachs might not be able to approve your Apple Card application.

If you're behind on debt obligations4 or have previously been behind

  • You are currently past due or have recently been past due on a debt obligation.
  • Your checking account was closed by a bank (for example, due to repeatedly spending more than your available account balance).
  • You have two or more non-medical debt obligations that are recently past due.

If you have negative public records

  • A tax lien was placed on your assets (for example, due to a failure to pay sufficient taxes on time).
  • A judgement was passed against you (for example, as a result of litigation).
  • You have had a recent bankruptcy.
  • Your property has been recently repossessed.

If you're heavily in debt or your income is insufficient to make debt payments

  • You don't have sufficient disposable income after you pay existing debt obligations.
  • Your debt obligations represent a high percentage of your monthly income (for example, your unsecured debt obligations, such as loans that aren't backed by collateral, are 50% or more of your total income).
  • You have fully utilized all of your credit card lines in the last three months and have recently opened a significant amount of new credit accounts.

If you frequently apply for credit cards or loans

  • You have a high number of recent applications for credit.

If your credit score is low

Goldman Sachs uses TransUnion and other credit bureaus to evaluate your Apple Card application. If your credit score is low (for example, if your FICO9 score is lower than 600),4 Goldman Sachs might not be able to approve your Apple Card application.

Why your credit score is used

Credit scores can indicate how you use and pay off debt.

How credit scores are determined

Information found in your credit report is used to determine your credit scores, which might include the following:

  • Your history of debt payments
  • Hard inquiries6 on your credit score from new credit applications
  • The amount of debt you currently have on your credit accounts
  • The age of your credit accounts
  • The amount and type of loan accounts you have open
  • The percentage of available credit you've utilized
  • If and when you had a foreclosure, declared bankruptcy, or had debt sent to collections

It's common to see varying credit scores when you look at different sources. Credit Karma and other services might display different credit scores, like TransUnion VantageScore, which is different from the TransUnion FICO score that's used for your Apple Card application. Your credit report and the timing of when your credit score is updated can affect your credit score.

By law, you're allowed to get a free annual copy of your credit report and file a dispute with TransUnion if you find an error.

For information about credit scores from TransUnion, please click here.

What you can do if your application is approved with insufficient credit or it's declined

If your application is declined, a message with an explanation is sent to the primary email address associated with the Apple ID you used to apply for Apple Card. The message might show your credit score. If information provided by a credit bureau contributed to your application being declined, you can request a free copy of your credit report from that credit bureau using the instructions in the email you receive.

If you have a freeze on your credit report, you need to temporarily lift the freeze before you apply for Apple Card. Learn how to lift your credit freeze with TransUnion. 

If your application is declined because your identification information couldn't be verified

Make sure your name, address and other information provided on your Apple Card application is correct. If you find inaccurate information, re-enter the information as needed.

If you are asked to verify with an ID, follow these steps:

  1. Make sure there is nothing between your device's camera and your ID that could obscure any part of it.
  2. Check that the Date of Birth, Last Name, and Address on the ID match the information you entered for your Apple Card application.*
  3. Make sure the ID hasn't expired.

After you complete these steps, submit your application again. If your application is declined again for the same reason, contact Apple Support.

Your credit score won't be impacted if you're declined, or don't accept your offer. Your credit score might be impacted if your application is approved and you accept your offer.

You can apply for Apple Card again, but you might receive the same decision.

If you want to receive a different decision on your application when you apply again, you should review your credit report to see if you have conditions that might result in a declined application and then check for these common errors in your credit report.

*If the information on your ID doesn't match the information you entered for your Apple Card application, try to apply again after you update your ID.

If you get an invitation to enroll in Path to Apple Card

Learn about Path to Apple Card, why you were invited, and how enrollment can help you get approved for Apple Card later.

If you're approved but your credit limit isn't enough to buy a device with Apple Card Installments

You can apply for Apple Card when you buy a new iPhone, iPad, Mac, or other eligible Apple product with Apple Card Installments. If your application is approved with insufficient credit to cover the cost of the device you want to buy, you can choose a different device that's covered by your credit limit. You can also choose a different payment method or use Apple's Trade-in program.

How your initial credit limit is determined

To determine your initial credit limit, Goldman Sachs uses your income and the minimum payment amounts associated with your existing debt to assess your ability to pay.

In addition, Goldman Sachs uses many of the same factors that are used to assess whether your application is approved or declined, including your credit score and the amount of credit you utilize on your existing credit lines.

Learn how you can request a credit limit increase.

Why your application is pending or in review

Goldman Sachs might need more time to review some applications, or request more information to verify your identity. After you apply, you are shown a message in Wallet app that will indicate your application is in review. Updates regarding your Apple Card application will be sent to the primary email address associated with your Apple ID. 

Apply on your iPhone

If you're on your iPhone, you can apply for Apple Card.

  1. Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Salt Lake City Branch is the issuer of Apple Card.
  2. Merging accounts is subject to credit approval and general eligibility requirements. Each co-owner is jointly and individually responsible for all balances on the co-owned Apple Card including amounts due on your co-owner's account before the accounts are merged. Each co-owner will be reported to credit bureaus as an owner on the account. Credit reporting includes positive and negative payment history, credit utilization and additional information. Card usage and payment history may impact each co-owners credit score different because each individual's credit history will include information that is unique to them. Either co-owner can close the account at any time which may negatively impact your credit and you will still be responsible for paying all balances on the account.
  3. If you apply online with your Apple ID and don't add your Apple Card to an eligible iPhone or iPad that you own, you can only use it to make eligible purchases online and in-store at Apple.
  4. A debt obligation can include mortgages, auto loans, personal loans, utility bills, and more.
  5. Number provided for illustrative purposes. A range of FICO scores might be considered by Goldman Sachs in conjunction with other factors in making credit decisions.
  6. A hard inquiry occurs when a financial institution checks your credit for the purpose of extending you a line of credit or approving a loan.

Information about products not manufactured by Apple, or independent websites not controlled or tested by Apple, is provided without recommendation or endorsement. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance, or use of third-party websites or products. Apple makes no representations regarding third-party website accuracy or reliability. Contact the vendor for additional information.

Published Date: 
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VALUE - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

VALUE

Converts a string in any of the date, time or number formats that Google Sheets understands into a number.

Sample Usage

VALUE("123")

VALUE("7/20/1969")

VALUE("12:00:00")

Syntax

VALUE(text)

  • text - The string containing the value to be converted.

Notes

  • VALUE returns a pure number even if the argument to the function was interpreted as a date. For example, =VALUE("01/01/2012") by default will be displayed as 40909.

See Also

TEXT: Converts a number into text according to a specified format.

N: Returns the argument provided as a number.

Examples

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UPPER function - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

UPPER function

Converts a specified string to uppercase.

Sample Usage

UPPER("lorem ipsum")

UPPER(A2)

Syntax

UPPER(text)

  • text - The string to convert to uppercase.

See Also

PROPER: Capitalizes each word in a specified string.

LOWER: Converts a specified string to lowercase.

Examples

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SUBSTITUTE - Docs Editors Help [gg-docs-en]

SUBSTITUTE

Replaces existing text with new text in a string.

Sample Usage

SUBSTITUTE("search for it","search for","Google")

SUBSTITUTE(A2,"new york","New York")

SUBSTITUTE("January 2, 2012",2,3,1)

Syntax

SUBSTITUTE(text_to_search, search_for, replace_with, [occurrence_number])

  • text_to_search - The text within which to search and replace.

  • search_for - The string to search for within text_to_search.

    • search_for will match parts of words as well as whole words; therefore a search for "vent" will also replace text within "eventual".

  • replace_with - The string that will replace search_for.

  • occurrence_number - [ OPTIONAL ] - The instance of search_for within text_to_search to replace with replace_with. By default, all occurrences of search_for are replaced; however, if occurrence_number is specified, only the indicated instance of search_for is replaced.

Notes

  • SUBSTITUTE can be used to replace one or all instances of a string within text_to_search. It cannot be used to replace multiple, but not all instances within a single call.
  • This function returns text as the output. If a number is desired, try using the VALUE function in conjunction with this function.

See Also

TEXT: Converts a number into text according to a specified format.

REPLACE: Replaces part of a text string with a different text string.

Examples

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Migrate to Apps and Books in Apple School Manager and in Apple Business Manager - Apple Support

Migrate to Apps and Books in Apple School Manager and in Apple Business Manager

Before you migrate accounts to Apps and Books, review this information.

What's new

With Apps and Books in Apple School Manager and Apple Business Manager, you can use the following features:

Transfer unassigned licenses

Share licenses

  • Share licenses between purchasers who have access to the same location.

Simplified purchasing

  • Browse and purchase content directly in the Apps and Books section of Apple School Manager and Apple Business Manager. You can view all licenses purchased for or transferred to your locations in one place. Manage Volume Purchase Program (VPP) credit and update billing information in Settings.

Prepare your organization to migrate to Apps and Books

Use the information below to prepare for migration.

Verify mobile device management (MDM) support for Apps and Books

Before you migrate, contact your MDM vendor to confirm that they support the new Apps and Books features.

Invite VPP purchasers

If you have purchasers with existing VPP accounts that aren't in Apple School Manager or in Apple Business Manager, invite them to join your organization before you migrate to Apps and Books.

Migrate only one purchaser per location

For the best migration experience, migrate only one purchaser per unique location. You can do this in one of the following ways:

  • By restricting account access in Apple School Manager or in Apple Business Manager to the appropriate location for each purchaser.
  • By directing each user to the specific location that they should choose.

If each purchaser migrates to a unique location, all licenses — assigned and unassigned — will move to Apps and Books.

If assigned licenses don't transfer

Only unassigned licenses will move to a location if any of the following scenarios occur:

  • Licenses are purchased or transferred to a location before a purchaser migrates to the new location.
  • Someone downloads the location's token before the first user migrates to it.
  • A new Content Manager is created in a location after another user opts into Apps and Books.
  • Multiple purchasers migrate to the same location.

If assigned licenses don't transfer, they remain associated with the purchaser's legacy tokens which should remain uploaded to MDM with the location token. After you unassign an app from the legacy token, you can transfer the licenses to a location in Settings > Apps and Books in Apple School Manager or in Apple Business Manager.

Initial migration

All licenses that move during migration will associate with the new location token to which they move. Any assigned licenses that don't move during migration remain associated with the purchaser's legacy token. All tokens that have associated licenses must be uploaded in MDM.

Location-based tokens

Apps and Books uses location-based tokens. All licenses purchased for or transferred to a location associate with that location's token.* Legacy tokens from the VPP portal are account-based tokens. Purchasers can access tokens for all of their locations in the Apps and Books section of Apple School Manager's Settings or Apple Business Manager's Settings. Only one person needs to upload location tokens to MDM. Legacy tokens aren't needed after all licenses are moved to a location. 

Migrate all VPP purchasers

When you're ready to migrate to Apps and Books in Apple School Manager or in Apple Business Manager, all purchasers should migrate at the same time. Each purchaser must migrate their own account. Migrate by clicking Get Started in the Apps and Books section of Apple School Manager or Apple Business Manager, then selecting the appropriate migration location.

After all purchasers migrate, you can take full advantage of the new features.

* Assigned book licenses can't be moved and remain assigned to a user.

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